We are fascinated by the beautiful structure of eukaryotic flagella & motile cilia and their ability to generate movement. Powering the locomotion of sperm cells, single-cell algae, kinetoplastids (such as Trypanosomes), and many other cell types, motile cilia are considered the largest eukaryotic machines! We use biochemical, structural, and biophysical methods to reconstitute and characterize individual ciliary complexes, with the overall goal of understanding better how cilia beat. We study ciliary proteins from various sources, including algae, mammals, and parasites.