We aim to elucidate the neural basis of natural behaviors in the mammalian hippocampal formation, focusing on two themes: (1) Spatial behaviors: navigation, spatial cognition, and spatial learning & memory; and (2) Social behaviors: including social memory. We use bats – as a novel animal model that we pioneered. We develop tiny wireless-electrophysiology systems, which enable recording from the bat’s brain during natural behaviors, including flight, navigation, and social interactions. Our vision is to develop a “Natural Neuroscience” approach for studying the the brain.